Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Symptom Patterns
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (especially idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus) is classically associated with a clinical triad of symptoms: gait disturbance, urinary urgency or incontinence, and cognitive decline. [1]
Gait Disturbance
Gait disturbance is typically one of the core presenting features in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. [1]
Urinary Urgency or Incontinence
Urinary dysfunction is a core presenting feature and is reported as urinary urgency and/or incontinence in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. [1]
Cognitive Decline
Cognitive decline is a core presenting feature and is reported as cognitive impairment in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. [1]
Additional Symptom Scope
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is described as affecting cognition, gait, and urinary continence, with symptoms that can progress and vary across patients. [2]